The Nilgiri tahr, with its unique adaptation to the montane grasslands of the Western Ghats, is a critical component of the biodiversity in southern India. The question of how many Nilgiri tahr are left in India is not just a matter of numbers but also reflects the broader conservation challenges and successes.
As we continue to grapple with the threats facing this endangered species, it is imperative that we strengthen our conservation initiatives. The use of modern technologies, community involvement, and rigorous scientific assessments are crucial steps in ensuring the long-term survival of the Nilgiri tahr.
The Nilgiri tahr, scientifically known as Nilgiritragus hylocrius, is an endemic and endangered species of the Western Ghats in southern India. This caprine ungulate, also known as the Nilgiri Ibex or simply Ibex, and locally referred to as ‘Varayaadu’, has been a subject of intense conservation efforts due to its critically dwindling population. In this article, we will delve into the current status of the Nilgiri tahr population, the challenges they face, and the ongoing conservation initiatives aimed at protecting this unique species.
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Historical Context and Population Decline
Historically, the Nilgiri tahr was abundant in the grass-woodland mosaic habitats of the rugged hills and mountain slopes of Kerala and Tamil Nadu. However, by the early 20th century, their population had plummeted to as few as 100 animals due to rampant hunting and poaching in the 19th century.
Current Population Estimates
As of recent assessments, the population of Nilgiri tahrs has shown some recovery but remains precarious. According to the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) India, there are approximately 3,122 Nilgiri tahrs left in the wild in Tamil Nadu and Kerala.
This number is a result of concerted conservation efforts initiated over the past few decades. The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act of 1972 played a significant role in protecting the species by listing it under Schedule I, which provides the highest level of protection. Additionally, organizations like WWF India have been actively involved in assessing the population size, identifying major threats, and implementing conservation measures.
Habitat and Distribution
The Nilgiri tahr inhabits the open montane grassland habitats at elevations ranging from 1200 to 2600 meters in the South Western Ghats. Their range extends over 400 km from north to south, with significant populations found in the Nilgiri Hills, Anamalai Hills, Palani Hills, and other fragmented habitats in the Western Ghats.
The Eravikulam National Park in Kerala is home to the largest population of Nilgiri tahrs, with over 700 individuals. Other notable habitats include the Mukurthi National Park in the Nilgiris and various tiger reserves such as the Anamalai and Kalakad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserves.
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Threats to the Nilgiri Tahr
Despite the recovery efforts, the Nilgiri tahr faces numerous threats that continue to jeopardize its survival. One of the primary concerns is habitat fragmentation and loss. The spread of invasive plants such as wattles, pines, and eucalyptus in the grasslands has significantly altered their natural habitat. Plantation activities and anthropogenic pressures further exacerbate the situation, leading to a decline in the quality and extent of their habitats.
Health Issues
Recent studies have highlighted health issues affecting the Nilgiri tahr population. There have been observations of giant lymph nodes in some animals, which are suspected to be caused by parasitic cysts of a worm species. To address this, the Tamil Nadu Forest Department has initiated a project to radio-collar Nilgiri tahrs and collect clinical samples to understand and diagnose the cause of these health issues.
Conservation Efforts
The conservation of the Nilgiri tahr is a multifaceted effort involving various stakeholders. Here are some key initiatives:
Population Census
A synchronised census of Nilgiri tahrs is planned to be conducted in Tamil Nadu and Kerala. This census, which will incorporate modern technologies such as drones and camera traps, aims to provide an accurate and comprehensive count of the population. The census will be conducted in two phases: one after the southwest monsoon and the other after the calving season.
Radio-Collaring
The Tamil Nadu Forest Department has received approval to radio-collar 20 Nilgiri tahrs to monitor their movements and health. This initiative will help in understanding the causes of health issues and in developing targeted conservation strategies.
Community Involvement
WWF India and local forest departments are working closely with local communities to raise awareness about the importance of conserving the Nilgiri tahr. This involves partnering with NGOs and engaging local people in conservation activities to ensure long-term sustainability.
Habitat Protection
Efforts are being made to protect and restore the natural habitats of the Nilgiri tahr. This includes assessing the quality of habitats, controlling invasive species, and dedicating more areas for the preservation of the species. The declaration of exclusive Nilgiri Tahr sanctuaries is also being considered.
How Many Nilgiri Tahr Are Left in India?
As reiterated, the current population of Nilgiri tahrs in India is estimated to be around 3,122 individuals. This number, though higher than the historical low, still indicates a fragile population that requires continuous conservation efforts to ensure its survival.
Conclusion
In summary, how many Nilgiri tahr are left in India? The answer is approximately 3,122, a number that underscores the need for sustained and collaborative conservation efforts to protect this iconic species of the Western Ghats. How many Nilgiri tahr are left in India? This question serves as a reminder of our responsibility to preserve the natural heritage of our planet. How many Nilgiri tahr are left in India? The ongoing conservation work aims to ensure that this number does not dwindle further and that the Nilgiri tahr continues to thrive in its natural habitat. How many Nilgiri tahr are left in India? The answer is a call to action for all stakeholders involved in the conservation of this endangered species. How many Nilgiri tahr are left in India? It is a question that highlights the urgency and importance of our collective efforts in protecting the Nilgiri tahr.
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